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Last October, she took the definitive step of undergoing a sterilisation procedure known as tubal ligation - permanently closing the door on motherhood.

I didn't have to worry about that to the point where a year after we were married, I went ahead and had tubal ligation because he didn't want kids, I didn't want kids.

But tubal ligation is frequently promoted as a nearly bulletproof option that prevents pregnancy.

“These have been mostly orthopaedic, cataract and a few tubal ligation surgeries for women who no longer wish to fall pregnant,” Dr Kariem said.

One of their main findings was that the expression of the Il1rl1 gene was markedly higher in peri-root tissue five days after ligation.