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They found that the leukemia xenografts predicted to be highly dependent on PI3Kgamma shrank, and the animal models survived longer when treated with eganelisib.

Prior to the study, xenografts usually survived in nonhuman primates for around three months or less.

She injected them into zebrafish embryos, creating xenograft models -- an avatar for each specific patient.

“The next big advance in the field is going to be real transplants,” Burlak says, “not the short-term evaluation of xenografts in dead people.”

Melanoma xenografts are unusual in that they engraft and grow fast enough to support the initiation of immunotherapy in patients.