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A Microsoft spokesperson said in an email that the company has made significant progress since the paper was submitted and has been able to demonstrate “the basic native operations in a measurement-based topological qubit.”

Microsoft is taking a different approach to quantum computing by trying to develop a topological qubit, which has the ability to store information in multiple places at once.

“They make a measurement, come back, and the qubit has changed, so you have lost your coherence,” Lee said.

“As far as the press announcement that they have a topological qubit, I would say most scientists would dispute that,” Lee said.

“They are far from having a working qubit.”