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The free radical generated from photochemistry comes into play here, entering the enzyme active site and engaging the enzymatic intermediate to enable new chemistry.

Renewed interest in this light emission, driven by nanoscale temperature mapping and photochemistry applications, has reignited the debate surrounding its origins.

Anyone who wants to produce medication, plastics or fertilizer using conventional methods needs heat for chemical reactions -- but not so with photochemistry, where light provides the energy.

"Achieving a system like ours has been a significant challenge in photochemistry," says Katsuyama.

Highly reducing or oxidizing photocatalysts are a fundamental challenge in photochemistry.