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Still, Olbrich, a psychiatrist and president of the International Pharmaco EEG Society, says he is eager to see the study expanded to other depression treatments.

As president of the International Pharmaco Electroencephalogram Society, however, I question your suggestion to investigate how brainwaves might be manipulated to benefit patients.

And on 1 November, the institute announced that its Pharmaco­genomics Research Network, which studies how genes influence the effectiveness of drugs, will lose the protected budget that has brought it $404 million over its 13-year lifetime.

And the field of pharmaco­genomics, which was new when the research network began in 2000, has matured enough for its scientists to compete effectively with grant applicants in other fields, says Lorsch.