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All of this together creates a system in which trauma related to substance use and incarceration perpetuates in future generations, said Dr. Mishka Terplan, an OB-GYN and addiction medicine doctor at the Friends Research Institute.

Dr. Amy Herold, an OB-GYN and chief administrative and chief medical officer for Providence Queen of the Valley Medical Center in Napa, said her region is known for its tourism but is really a rural farming and service community — which is reflected in her system’s users.

"The President of the United States has determined who deserves care and who does not, essentially ordering people to suffer, for families and communities to lose their parents, siblings, children, loved ones, and friends," Dr. Jamila Perritt, an ob-gyn who heads Physicians for Reproductive Health, said in a statement.

“It’s black and white in the law, but it’s very vague when you’re in the moment,” said Dr. Tony Ogburn, an OB-GYN in San Antonio.

“A list of exceptions is always going to exclude people,” said Dallas OB-GYN Dr. Allison Gilbert.