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At that time the research was already accumulating, but the idea went counter to the prevailing view in neuroscience.

THC targets the same receptors but typically at a far higher dose than what is naturally produced, said Dr. Hilary Marusak, an assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral neurosciences at Wayne State University.

Instead, neuroscience has relied on the data gathered from doing such procedures on mouse and primate models.

But Dr Willie Stewart, a leading researcher at the university's school of neuroscience, urged competitors not to "risk their brain health in the name of sport".

Matthew Li, a senior majoring in neuroscience, said his mother in Sacramento had called him to discuss possibly coming home.