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For this maneuver to succeed, however, the end of French neocolonialism proved crucial.

In his article previewing the summit, Mr. Putin portrayed himself as a champion of the African struggle to cast off the “bitter legacy of colonialism and neocolonialism.”

As Prince of Wales, he audibly opposed Western neocolonialism.

In creating this intricate narrative, were you drawing from specific historical events pertinent to Burundi or larger ideas about neocolonialism in Africa?

First is what the economist Thomas Piketty called the transition from “brutal colonialism” to “neocolonialism through debt.”