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The key is the ligand — that’s the general word for whatever chemical messenger or signaling molecule attaches to the receptor, activating it.

A few questions remain, such as the specific ligand that should be used for human transplantation and the longevity of Treg-mediated immune protection.

HydF plays a role during the synthesis of a ligand that is essential for the delivery of protons for hydrogen turnover.

This work was primarily co-sponsored by DOE's Office of Science for ligand synthesis, lanthanide complexation studies, crystallization processes, spectroscopic analyses and simulation efforts.

GalNAc conjugate therapies, which attach siRNA molecules to the ligand to deliver therapies inside cells, are already on the market for conditions such as hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.