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"It holds significant insight for language planning and public policies aimed at preserving endangered languages."

Simply put, “we can do stuff that other animals can’t,” Reiner says, pointing to our species’ combination of complex language, planning and tool use.

“You need a lot of services, and Medicaid doesn’t fully cover that,” said Tawny Holmes Hlibok, the language planning and policy counsel at Gallaudet University in Washington D.C., who is Deaf.

“Linguists increasingly adopt a holistic approach towards language planning and that includes all modes of interaction, social media, and video gaming. It is a battle to lead on all fronts.”

In the emoji context, the equivalent of a language planning body would be the Unicode Consortium, which decides on the list of emoji and has been implicated in the white-wine debate.