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“They have been stoking confrontation in the name of cooperation, flexing muscles in the name of peace, and sowing chaos in the name of order. This is no doubt an act of hegemonism.”

That was a clear reference to the United States, China’s chief rival, which it routinely accuses of hegemonism.

Xi Jinping, China’s president, instead reiterated long-held grievances against the U.S. by calling for an end to “hegemonism” and “power politics.”

For China’s top leader, Xi Jinping, the summit was another opportunity to assail the United States by calling for an end to “hegemonism” and “power politics.”

The initiative, which reprises Mao-era language about promoting “peaceful coexistence,” calls for a new paradigm in which global power is distributed more equally, and the world rejects “unilateralism, bloc confrontation and hegemonism” — a reference to the United States and military alliances like the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.