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He previously pleaded guilty to four counts of coercive control relating to Ms Wood and three other victims.

Vanessa Marshall KC, acting for Tate, told the court that they "accept in this day and age that coercive and controlling behaviour does exist", but that it was "really not the issue in this case".

He said he had been the victim of domestic abuse at her hands and that she had "exercised coercive and controlling behaviour by restricting my activities".

David Cole of Georgetown University observed that the university had “sacrificed principle to the coercive power of the federal government’s purse.”

The judge ruled there had been coercive control, physical and emotional abuse.