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When it comes to having frank conversations and not being afraid to challenge people, describe the dynamic of your podcast “Brilliant Idiots” with Charlemagne who always challenges your political and cultural opinions.

One of the earliest mentions of the Latin phrase is found in the writings of Alcuin of York, an advisor to Charlemagne.

The period under review is 800 to 1600 — the long Middle Ages, a stretch that roughly spans the death of Emperor Charlemagne and the end of the Renaissance.

Byzantine bullion fuelled Europe's revolutionary adoption of silver coins in the mid-7th century, only to be overtaken by silver from a mine in Charlemagne's Francia a century later, new tests reveal.

His ideas faced stiff opposition in the UK from Margaret Thatcher, John Major and the British press - which saw him as a modern-day Charlemagne, bent on the political union of Europe.