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It used to be the custom that all students at entrance should deposit “caution money,” which was returned to them on graduation.

I was called upon to deposit no less than �11,000 at Belmont's bank as caution money on the signing of the contract.

Exchequer bills �9,923,480 Liabilities on behalf of communes and public   establishments, including departmental services 17,366,520 Deposit and current accounts of Caisse des   d�p�ts, &c., including savings banks 15,328,840 Caution money of Tr�soriers payeurs-g�n�raux 1,431,680 Other liabilities 6,456,200   ————— Total of floating debt �50,506,720 Departmental Finances.—Every department has a budget of its own, which is prepared and presented by the prefect, voted by the departmental council and approved by decree of the president of the republic.

The press was subjected to a system of cautionnements, i.e. “caution money,” deposited as a guarantee of good behaviour, and avertissements, i.e. requests by the authorities to cease publication of certain articles, under pain of suspension or suppression; while books were subject to a censorship.

But this system, so convenient for those who could not raise the caution money, or “pawn,” as it was commonly called, was in course of time abandoned.