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A senior official warns "it looks like cakeism" – the prime minister wants to have it all ways, and doesn't want to be defined, or choose what he is really about, or maybe, the official warns, he doesn't really know?

Asked if he was ditching the energy plan set out by former prime minister Boris Johnson, the chancellor said he admired Mr Johnson's "big visions" but added there were elements of "cakeism" - a reference to the phrase: "Have your cake and eat it."

Ciaran Martin, the former head of the National Cyber Security Centre, in a speech in November said the idea that it was possible both have well-functioning end-to-end-encryption and give law enforcement targeted access to messages was "technological 'cakeism'".

“That was a piece of ‘cakeism’ — you can have your cake, and eat it too,” Gimson said.

Professor Bale added that many Conservative lawmakers, like their prime minister, simultaneously seemed to want to keep taxes low while spending large sums on domestic priorities, their own version of Mr. Johnson’s philosophy, now nicknamed “cakeism.”