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Two years later she was sampling fish there and found one of the bugs, a caddisfly, in a fish’s gut.

They discovered that the rolling terrain hid mazes of pools, where diving beetles moved busily between the surface and the bottom, caddisfly larvae trundled along inside protective shells they’d built from bits of clay and pebbles, and newts and frogs fed on the insects.

Xia says he spends roughly $750,000 on Burmese amber per year, and grateful scientists like Wang have named species of cockroach, froghopper, parasitoid fly, and caddisfly for him.

Other recent research found that half of the mayfly and caddisfly larvae in rivers in Wales contained microplastics.

For instance, caddisfly larvae, which sometimes measure only a tenth of an inch long, may be the world’s tiniest artisans.