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For example, this was seen with the Arab Spring and in other parts of the world as well.

No clear explanation was given at the time, but Dr Liu attributed this to China's growing suspicion of foreign organisations following the 2010 Arab Spring.

The UK closed its embassy in Damascus in 2013, two years after the Arab Spring protests began to be brutally suppressed there by the Assad regime.

Another of her brothers had already been killed fighting Assad's army in 2012, she said, during a civil war that broke out after the Arab Spring protests in 2011.

The Egyptian model, in his telling, referred to the Muslim Brotherhood, which came to power after the 2011 Arab Spring revolutions in Egypt but whose government was soon removed in an army-backed coup and replaced by an autocrat.