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Some have the authoritarian personality described by Adorno after World War II in their attempt to understand who was attracted to the Nazis.

Bloch’s book is only one of the numerous little-known or underappreciated works that Toscano draws upon, although usual suspects like Hannah Arendt, Antonio Gramsci and Theodor Adorno certainly appear as well.

The phrase comes from Theodor Adorno, who in 1937 defined it like this: “The maturity of the late works does not resemble the kind one finds in fruit. They are for the most part not round, but furrowed, even ravaged. Devoid of sweetness, bitter and spiny, they do not surrender themselves to mere delectation.”

Nor does he mention criticism of the Enlightenment from other sources, most notably "Dialectic of Enlightenment" by the Frankfurt School philosophers Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, who set out "to explain why humanity, instead of entering a truly human state, is sinking into a new kind of barbarism."

For the coming season he has two new roles: Pollione in Bellini’s “Norma” at Milan’s La Scala and Gabriele Adorno in Verdi’s “Simon Boccanegra” in Vienna.